Think of a random orbit like a spiro-graph, so instead of just spinning in a circle it ocsillates all over the place within the boundary of its orbit. However, unlike a spirograph, this motion is random, as the name implies.
Since the outside surfaces aren't rotating at such a high speed this type of motion generates much, much less heat; hence no burn. I don't have one for my car, but I'm also a woodworker and love my random-orbit sander.
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